Hydroelectric 250KW Pelton Water Turbine Generator For Mass Flow Rate
How much hydropower power could I generate from a hydro turbine?
If you mean energy (which is what you sell), How much energy could I generate from a hydro turbine?.
Power is the rate of producing energy. Power is measured in Watts (W) or kiloWatts (kW). Energy is what is used to do work and is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt-hours (MWh).
In simple terms, the maximum hydropower power output is entirely dependent on how much head and flow is available at the site, so a tiny micro-hydro system might produce just 2 kW, whereas a large utility-scale hydro system could easily produce hundreds of Megawatts (MW). To put this in context, a 2 kW hydropower system could satisfy the annual electrical energy needs of two average UK homes, whereas a utility-scale 200 MW system could supply 200,000 average UK homes.
If you don’t mind equations the easiest way to explain how much power you could generate is to look at the equation for calculating hydropower:
P = m x g x Hnet x η
Where:
P power, measured in Watts (W).
m mass flow rate in kg/s (numerically the same as the flow rate in litres/second because 1 litre of water weighs 1 kg)
g the gravitational constant, which is 9.81m/s2
H net the net head. This is the gross head physically measured at the site, less any head losses. To keep things simple head losses can be assumed to be 10%, so Hnet=Hgross x 0.9
η the product of all of the component efficiencies, which are normally the turbine, drive system and generator
For a typical small hydro system the turbine efficiency would be 85%, drive efficiency 95% and generator efficiency 93%, so the overall system efficiency would be:0.85 x 0.95 x 0.93 = 0.751 i.e. 75.1%
Therefore, if you had a relatively low gross head of 2.5 metres, and a turbine that could take a maximum flow rate of 3 m3/s, the maximum power output of the system would be:First convert the gross head into the net head by multiplying it by 0.9, so: Hnet = Hgross x 0.9 = 2.5 x 0.9 = 2.25 m
Then convert the flow rate in m3/s into litres/second by multiplying it by 1000, so: 3 m3/s = 3,000 litres per second
Remember that 1 litre of water weighs 1 kg, so m is the same numerically as the flow rate in litres/second, in this case 3,000 kg/s.
Now you are ready to calculate the hydropower power:
Power (W) = m x g x Hnet x η = 3,000 x 9.81 x 2.25 x 0.751 = 49,729 W = 49.7 kW
Now, do the same for a high-head hydropower site where the gross head is 50 metres and maximum flow rate through the turbine is 150 litres / second.
In this case Hnet = 50 x 0.9 = 45 m and the flow rate in litres/second is 150, hence:
Power (W) = m x g x Hnet x η = 150 x 9.81 x 45 x 0.751 = 49,729 W = 49.7 kW
Product technical parameter:
| Pelton turbine generator unit | Generator | Unit output (kw) |
| Turbine |
| Type | Water head(m) | Discharge (m³/s) | Output(kw) | Speed (r/min) | Type | Capacity (kw) |
| CJA237/475-115/1 x 9 | 400 | 0.54 | 1821 | 750 | SFW1600-12/1430 | 1600 | |
| 420 | 0.56 | 1973 | SFW1600-10/1430 | 1600 |
| 440 | 0.57 | 2121 | SFW2000-10/1430 | 2000 |
| 460 | 0.58 | 2267 | SFW2000-10/1430 | 2000 |
| 480 | 0.59 | 2415 | SFW2000-10/1430 | 2000 |
| 500 | 0.61 | 2564 | SFW2500-10/1430 | 2500 |
| CJA237/475- W-115/1 x 12.5 | 100 | 0.53 | 435 | 375 | SFW400-16/1180 | 400 | 162.9 |
| 120 | 0.58 | 578 | SFW500-16/1180 | 500 | 185.8 |
| 140 | 0.62 | 728 | 428.6 | SFW630-14/1430 | 630 | 209.3 |
| 160 | 0.66 | 888 | SFW800-14/1430 | 800 | 235.1 |
| 180 | 0.7 | 1047 | SFW1000-14/1430 | 1000 | 260.2 |
| 200 | 0.74 | 1242 | 500 | SFW1250-12/1730 | 1250 | 287.4 |
| 220 | 0.78 | 1430 | SFW1250-12/1730 | 1250 | 320.1 |
| 240 | 0.81 | 1619 | SFW1600-12/1730 | 1600 | 345.5 |
| 260 | 0.85 | 1828 | 600 | SFW1600-10/1730 | 1600 | 456 |
| 280 | 0.88 | 2057 | SFW2500-10/1730 | 2500 | 610 |
| 300 | 0.91 | 2283 | SFW2500-10/1730 | 2500 | 770 |
Micro Water Turbine Generator
Company Information
Chengdu Forster Technology is focused on design and manufacturing hydro turbines. The company was founded in 1956. Forster is the first Chinese state-owned enterprise and spares no effort to expand international market in 2013,At present, we have obtained orders in many water-rich areas such as Europe, Asia, South America, North America, etc., and as partners, we are qualified as long-term suppliers in many regions.
Forster always provides technical advice, services and the best technical solutions to customers based on their parameters. At the same time, it keeps offering after sale service for our product.
We always adhere to the principle of honesty and pragmatism, quality first, will be broad-minded, the attitude of life into our work, and strive to create a win-win situation for customers, enterprises and society. In the fierce market competition, we have always adhered to the details of success or failure, focusing on the achievement of excellence in the spirit of enterprise. In the friendly cooperation with customers at home and abroad, we have been pursuing the business philosophy of creating maximum value for customers.
What is the minimum head and flow required?
The answer to this depends very much on what return on your investment you want.
For a commercially viable site it would normally need to be at least 25 kW maximum power output. For a low-head micro hydropower system you would need at least 2 metres of gross head and an average flow rate of 2.07 m3/s. To put this in context this would be a small river that was approximately 7 metres wide and around 1 metre deep in the middle.
For a site with 25 metres head a much lower average flow rate of 166 litres / second would be needed. This would be a large stream of 2 – 3 metres width and around 400 mm deep in the middle.
It is technically possible to develop smaller hydropower sites with lower power outputs, but the economics start to get challenging. This is particularly true for low-head sites; when the head drops to 1.5 metres it isn’t normally possible to get any kind of return on investment, though the site could still be technically developed using Archimedean screws or modern waterwheels.
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